Total Shoulder Replacement Surgery

If you’re experiencing severe shoulder pain that limits your daily activities, total shoulder replacement surgery might be the solution to restore your mobility and relieve pain. This comprehensive guide will walk you through everything you need to know about the procedure, from indications and preparation to recovery and potential risks.

At Orthopedic Specialists & Sports Medicine, serving Granville and Coshocton, OH, our experienced orthopaedic surgeons specialize in shoulder replacement procedures. Contact us today to schedule a consultation and take the first step toward regaining your shoulder function.

What is Shoulder Replacement Surgery?

Shoulder replacement surgery, also known as total shoulder arthroplasty, involves replacing the damaged parts of the shoulder joint with artificial components. The shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint, comprising the humeral head (the ball) and the glenoid (the socket). In a total shoulder replacement, both the ball and socket are replaced with a metal ball and a plastic socket, respectively.

This procedure aims to relieve moderate to severe pain and restore shoulder motion often associated with shoulder arthritis.

Conditions Treated by Shoulder Replacement Surgery

Several conditions can lead to the need for shoulder replacement surgery:

Osteoarthritis: Degenerative joint disease causing the cartilage in the shoulder joint to wear away.
Rheumatoid arthritis: An inflammatory arthritis that affects the lining of the joints.
Severe shoulder fractures: Complex fractures of the upper arm bone or shoulder blade that cannot be repaired.
Rotator cuff tear arthropathy: A combination of a large rotator cuff tear and arthritis.
Avascular necrosis: Loss of blood supply to the humeral head, leading to bone death.

When nonsurgical treatments like physical therapy, medications, or injections fail to provide relief, shoulder replacement may be recommended.

How Do I Know if I Need a Shoulder Replacement?

Your doctor may recommend shoulder replacement surgery if you experience the following:

Persistent shoulder pain that interferes with daily activities.
Limited range of motion or shoulder function.
Severe arthritis or damage confirmed by imaging tests like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Ineffectiveness of nonsurgical treatments.

Consulting with an orthopaedic surgeon will help determine if shoulder replacement is the right option for you.

Who Should Not Get a Shoulder Replacement?

Not everyone is a suitable candidate for shoulder replacement surgery. Factors that may preclude surgery include:

Active infections in or around the shoulder joint.
Severe muscle or nerve damage affecting shoulder function.
Poor overall health increases the surgical risk.
Inadequate bone stock to support the prosthesis.

Your surgeon will evaluate your specific condition to determine the best course of action.

Preparing for Shoulder Replacement Surgery

Preparation is key to a successful outcome. Steps include:

Evaluating your medical history and physical condition.
Imaging studies to check the condition of the bones and soft tissues.
Discussing medications with your doctor, as some may need to be adjusted.
Arranging for assistance during the initial recovery period.
Preparing your home to accommodate limited mobility post-surgery.

Your surgical team will provide detailed instructions tailored to your needs.

How is Shoulder Replacement Done?

The procedure involves several steps:

Anesthesia: Administered to ensure comfort during surgery.
Incision: Made over the shoulder to access the joint.
Removal of Damaged Tissue: The damaged head of the humerus bone and the glenoid bone are removed.
Implantation: The humeral component (metal ball) is attached to the upper arm bone, and the glenoid component (plastic socket) is placed in the shoulder blade. Bone cement may be used to secure the components.
Verification: The surgeon ensures the prosthetic upper arm bone fits securely into the newly prepared socket.
Closure: The incision is closed, and the shoulder is bandaged.

In cases where the rotator cuff muscle is severely damaged, a reverse total shoulder replacement may be performed. This procedure reverses the ball and socket configuration to rely on different muscles for shoulder movement.

Risks and Complications of Shoulder Surgery

While shoulder replacement surgery is generally safe, potential risks include:

Infection.
Blood clots.
Nerve or blood vessel damage.
Fractures around the implant.
Loosening or dislocation of the prosthesis.
Persistent pain or stiffness.

Discussing these risks with your surgeon will help you make an informed decision.

Recovery After Shoulder Replacement

Like other types of joint replacement surgery, shoulder procedures require diligent post-op care and rehabilitation for the best outcomes. Recovery involves the following stages:

Immediate Postoperative Period: You’ll spend time in the recovery room before being discharged.
First Few Weeks: Your arm will be in a sling, and you’ll begin gentle physical therapy exercises.
Weeks 2-6: Gradual increase in activity and range of motion exercises.
Months 3-6: Continued strengthening and functional exercises.

Most patients regain significant shoulder function within 4 to 6 months, but full recovery can take up to a year. Adhering to your physical therapy regimen is crucial for optimal outcomes.

Types of Shoulder Replacement Procedures

Different surgical options are available based on your condition:

Anatomic Total Shoulder Replacement: This traditional shoulder replacement procedure replaces both the ball and socket, mimicking the natural anatomy.
Partial Shoulder Replacement: Replaces only the head of the humerus, preserving the natural socket.
Reverse Shoulder Replacement: When the rotator cuff is severely damaged, the ball and socket positions are reversed.

Your surgeon will recommend the most appropriate procedure for your specific situation.

Expert Care for Lasting Shoulder Relief

Shoulder replacement surgery can significantly improve the quality of life for those suffering from severe shoulder conditions. If you’re in Granville or Coshocton, OH, and considering shoulder replacement, Orthopedic Specialists & Sports Medicine is here to help.

Take the first step toward pain relief and restored shoulder function. Contact us today to schedule your consultation.

Medically reviewed by Brad L. Bernacki, MD