The spine is one of the most essential structures in the human body, providing stability, flexibility, and protection for the delicate spinal cord. Understanding the anatomy of the spine can help you appreciate its crucial role in movement, support, and overall health.
At Orthopedic Specialists & Sports Medicine, serving Granville and Coshocton, Ohio, our team specializes in diagnosing and treating spinal conditions. Contact us today to see how we can help!
The spine, also known as the vertebral column, is a complex structure made up of bones, joints, discs, and nerves. It runs from the base of the skull to the pelvis, housing and protecting the spinal cord, which is a vital part of the central nervous system. The spine provides structural support, enables movement, and absorbs shock during daily activities.
The spine is made up of the following key structures:
The vertebrae are the small bones that join together to form the spine. Each vertebra has a vertebral body and a vertebral arch. The vertebral bodies are responsible for most of the weight-bearing. The vertebral arches protect the spinal canal and spinal nerves.
These are soft, cushion-like discs between vertebrae that act as shock absorbers.
Small joints that connect vertebrae and allow movement.
The spinal cord runs from the skull to the lumbar region of the spine. It passes through the middle part of each vertebra, called the central canal. Nerves extend out from the spinal cord through openings in the vertebrae and relaying messages between the brain and muscles.
From the lower back, the spinal cord continues as nerve roots. These nerve roots are called the cauda equina. They also exit the spinal canal to relay messages between the brain and surrounding soft tissues.
The spinal column consists of 33 vertebrae, which are divided into five distinct regions:
The cervical spine consists of seven vertebrae (C1-C7) in the neck. It supports the head, allows for a wide range of motion, and protects the upper portion of the spinal cord and the brain stem. The first two vertebrae, known as the atlas and axis, enable the head to rotate and nod.
The thoracic spine includes twelve vertebrae (T1-T12) in the upper and mid-back. This region is less mobile than the cervical spine because it is attached to the rib cage, providing stability and protecting vital organs.
The lumbar spine consists of five vertebrae (L1-L5) in the lower back. These lumbar vertebrae are the largest and strongest, supporting most of the body’s weight. This region is prone to injury and degenerative conditions due to the stress placed on it.
Below the lumbar region, the sacral vertebrae are five fused vertebrae that connect the spine to the pelvis. The coccyx, or tailbone, consists of three to five fused vertebrae and provides support when sitting.
The vertebral column plays a vital role in maintaining overall body function. Its primary functions include:
The spine serves as the body’s central support structure, keeping us upright and distributing weight evenly. The lumbar vertebrae are especially important in bearing the body’s weight.
The facet joints and intervertebral discs allow for bending, twisting, and other movements while maintaining stability. The cervical spine is the most flexible region, allowing for head and neck movement.
The spinal canal houses and protects the spinal cord, a vital part of the central nervous system that transmits signals between the brain and spinal cord.
The intervertebral discs act as cushions, absorbing the impact from daily activities like walking, running, and lifting. A healthy spine maintains proper disc function to prevent pain and injury.
If you’re experiencing back or neck pain, our team at Orthopedic Specialists & Sports Medicine is here to help. Serving Granville, Newark, Coshocton, Heath, and Buckeye Lake, Ohio, we offer expert diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation for a wide range of spinal conditions. Contact us today to schedule an appointment and take the first step toward a pain-free life!
Medically reviewed by Eric Erb, MD
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