What is a Bunion?

Bunions can make every step painful, turning even simple walks into a struggle. If you’ve noticed a bony bump forming on your big toe, it may be a bunion deformity—a condition that can worsen over time without proper care.

At Orthopedic Specialists & Sports Medicine, we provide expert bunion treatment in Granville and Coshocton, Ohio. Contact us today to schedule a consultation!

Understanding Bunions

A bunion forms when the big toe shifts inward, pushing toward the second toe and causing a misalignment in the metatarsal bone. This leads to the development of a bony bump on the side of the toe joint. Over time, bunion pain can make walking or even standing for long periods uncomfortable.

Types of Bunions

Bunions can vary in severity and type. The most common types include:

Hallux Valgus Bunion – The standard bunion occurs when the big toe moves inward, and the toe joint protrudes outward.
Tailor’s Bunion (Bunionette) – A similar condition that affects the little toe, creating a bump on the outside of the foot.

Adolescent Bunion – A bunion that develops in children or teenagers, often due to genetics or improper footwear.

What Causes Bunion Pain?

You may develop bunions for a variety of reasons, including:

Genetics – A family history of bunions increases your risk.
Footwear Choices – Fashionable shoes that are tight or narrow, as well as high heels, can increase pressure on the toe joint, worsening bunion formation.
Medical Conditions – Arthritis and other inflammatory conditions can lead to bunion deformity.

The pain comes from pressure on the misaligned toe joint, inflammation, and irritation caused by the bony bump rubbing against shoes.

Signs and Symptoms of Bunions

Recognizing bunion symptoms early can help prevent worsening pain. Common signs include:

A visible bony bump at the base of the big toe
Swelling, redness, or tenderness around the toe joint
Pain when walking or wearing certain shoes
The big toe leaning toward the second toe, sometimes overlapping it
Calluses or corns developing on the other toes due to crowding

How is a Bunion Diagnosed?

A doctor will evaluate your foot by examining the bunion deformity and checking for movement restrictions in the toe joint. X-rays help assess the severity of the metatarsal bone misalignment and determine the best course of bunion treatment.

Treatment of Bunions

Bunion treatment depends on the severity of the condition. Some options include:

Non-Surgical Treatments

Your doctor may recommend the following non-surgical treatments:

Proper Footwear – Avoid narrow or fashionable shoes that squeeze the toes.
Padding & Orthotics – Cushions and custom insoles help reduce pressure on the bony bump.
Anti-Inflammatory Medications – Over-the-counter pain relievers can ease discomfort.
Ice Therapy – Applying ice can reduce swelling.
Physical Therapy – Stretching exercises help strengthen foot muscles and improve mobility.

When to Consider Bunion Surgery

If non-surgical methods don’t provide relief, bunion surgery may be necessary. Surgery realigns the metatarsal bone and corrects the bunion deformity to relieve pain and restore normal foot function.

Tips for Proper Fitting Shoes

Wearing the right shoes can prevent bunions from worsening. Here’s what to look for:

Wide Toe Box – Ensures your big toe and other toes have room to move.
Low Heel – Reduces pressure on the toe joint.
Arch Support – Helps distribute weight evenly across the foot.
Soft, Stretchable Material – Prevents irritation of the bony bump.

Find Relief from Bunions Today

If you’re struggling with bunion pain, Orthopedic Specialists & Sports Medicine can help. Our team offers expert bunion treatment, from conservative care to bunion surgery, to restore comfort and mobility. Don’t let bunions hold you back—schedule a consultation at our Granville or Coshocton office today!

Medically reviewed by Tung Dao, DPM, MS